Northern Ireland Essay examples -- History, Reuniting Ireland

Diplomacy does not happen overnight, and the true tale of hardship and bickering over Northern Ireland is proof of that. Ireland and England failed to agree on who held the power of Northern Ireland for over 30 years until the Good Friday Agreement, a form of diplomacy between the countries, took place. Before that time, many soldiers and innocent citizens of Northern Ireland lost their lives. Religious fights broke out between Catholic and Protestant residents. Political figures from countries like Wales and the United States came together to help put an end to the bitter relations of the European countries (Delaney). After many years of hard feelings and failed attempts at bringing peace to Ireland and England, the countries came together to try to work things out. Slowly, Northern Ireland created its own identity, and the troubles started to fade away. The troubles refer to the age-old disputes over the control of Northern Ireland. Even though the arguments lasted for several centuries, things did not turn extremely violent until the 1960’s (Delaney). Many terrorists entered Northern Ireland during that time. Terrorists who entered the country were said to be okay, and there was nothing wrong with them. Letting the terrorists slip by without stopping them had very deadly consequences. Thousands of people died because of the terrorists invading Northern Ireland. Very few tried to stop the terrorists from coming into Northern Ireland (Graham). Those who did attempt to stop the terrorists were unsuccessful (De Breadun). The Irish and British governments fought for many years over the ownership of Northern Ireland. Britain had main control over Northern Ireland, and Ireland did not think that was fair. Be... ...oodshed, Northern Ireland finally received some relief. The Good Friday Agreement brought the diplomacy needed to the country. Northern Ireland is to this day still home to many religious disputes but nothing as severe as the disputes from several decades ago. Residents are now free to be considered citizens of either or both countries, and the countries are able to work together without any deadly and unnecessary controversy. Hundreds of innocent people are spared their lives every year because the preventable religious and governmental fights have dwindled. Ireland may not have the most control over Northern Ireland, and religious disputes still arise, but the country has come a long way from the way things were. Things may never be perfect for the country of Northern Ireland, but there is no doubt that diplomacy was a great decision for the country as a whole.

The Importance of Hospitality in Ancient Greece versus The Dark Ages Es

In ancient Greek society, the mistreatment of strangers was considered to be a serious offence. Hellenic culture was encouraged to cultivate ethics, an attitude of welcome, and was very proud of its hospitality to strangers. The Greek word for hospitality, philoxenia, literally means â€Å"love of strangers†. Homer might have had such a definition in mind while introducing the theme of hospitality in his epic poem, The Odyssey. His idea correlates with those of his time. I realized in the sixth episode (The Princess and the Stranger) that the reason for such a prominent position on this theme made by the author was due to the importance of this subject in society at a time of strong belief in divinity and superstition. However, in a similar story that takes place in another part of the world, in another period of time, we once again come across the same theme of hospitality. This is the story of Tristan and Isolde, a sweeping tale of love and loss, based on a timeless Celtic myth of star-crossed passion. In both of these timeless classic stories, the main storyline begins when a young, beautiful princess finds a lost, foreign stranger in desperate need of help. Whether it is by providing vital medication for a poisoned wound, or simply providing the necessary tools for bathing and clothing, both these princesses greet these strangers with unquestionable hospitality and generosity, and eventually fall in love with them. After hearing of Odysseus’ bold and courageous adventures, the Phaecian princess, Nausicaa feels compelled to provide him with everything and anything he needs. â€Å"But now, seeing you’ve reached our city and our land, / you’ll never lack for clothing or any other gift†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Book 6, line 210) She then takes him b... ... In terms of storyline, hospitality also plays as a big role on the turn of events and on the direction in which the story takes its main characters. In both tales, it is hospitality that at first invites suffering and predicament, and later concludes the story in irony, the basis of tragic storytelling. Without conflict, a love story is just that, plain and dull. It is the struggle and hardships of others that comforts and entertains us, enabling us to escape the harsh reality that is our lives. Whatever the reason for hospitality, be it a socially acceptable norm due to the circumstances of the times, or for the sake of protection against gods or invaders, hospitality plays a very important role in the two stories The Odyssey and Tristan and Isolde. It portrays the vital aspect in ancient Greek culture, as well as the importance of random acts of kindness.

How the Catholic Church Held Up During the Middle Ages Essay -- Histor

The Middle Ages was a long period of time. It started in about the 500 A.D. and ended in about 1500 A.D. Not many things can last for this long period of time, but at least one thing did, and that was the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church consists of Popes, Bishops, Clergy, and Monks, and Nuns were also part of the Church. Also during the Middle Ages, it also produced many great philosophers (Funk & Wagnall’s, 275). From the Middle Ages to the 13th century, the church played important role as authority, influence. The Catholic Church held up due to the power of the Pope, Pope Gregory’s policies, and the Church was a part of the citizen’s daily lives. In the Middle Ages houses of the poor and wealthy were often alike, except for the wealthy because they could occupy all their floors of the house. Their business would be on the first floor, living quarters on the second, and servant’s quarters on the third. If they family were poor they might have several families living under one roof, which makes the house very crowded (Gies, 243). Among the village, the only stone building was the church. The entire village was mostly made out of sticks, mud and such objects. The churches were built and paid for by the people (thinkquest). It was a nice centerpiece of a town. Inside the Church, you will not find any sort of warmth. Many people came with hand-warmers, because the church was often cool year round. Churches also did not have pews for people to sit on; they had to bring their own chairs. The church was a public building in which the town’s business life is often occurring around a town’s church (Gies, 291). The Church provided services to the poor, care of the sick, helpless, and travelers (Frem... ... new heights. Christendom to take up arms to re-conquer Jerusalem, it was urged on by soldiers, monks, popes, and others. â€Å"The Church encouraged uniformity during the Crusades and efforts to recapture territories lost to aroused and militant Islamic powers† (Funk & Wagnall’s). The Roman Catholic Church went through some tough times during the Middle Ages, but they did hold up. Each member played an important part in the Church. Each part of the hierarchy had an important role to play. They had to be a firm believer in the Church. Pope Gregory created policies, and strengthened many parts of the Church. Each Pope had the power to influence the kings that were in power. If it had not been for the people, and the hierarchy of the Church, the Church might have died. The Catholic Church did hold up during the Middle Ages due to the people and events that took place.

Ecological Succession Essay

Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment. In relation to The Lion King, ecology is the circle of life. Ecological succession can change a community by making exponential changes to the ecosystem over time, symbiotic relationships are important in maintaining a stable ecosystem because they provide competition, parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism to have balanced populations, and the impact of a change in the food web would be drastic to the ecosystem because one change can and will alter the life of every animal in the ecosystem. Ecological Succession is predictable changes over time. Ecological succession relates to ecology because they both are a form of change in an ecosystem, species, or organism. Ecological succession can change a community by making exponential changes to the ecosystem over time. An example of ecological succession in The Lion King is when Scar, a lion, takes command of Pride Rock, an ecosystem, and lets the hyen as take over the land and climb to the top of the food chain over time. This movie example is different than a real life situation because hyenas would most likely not be able to take over a population of lion’s spot on the food chain. Ecological succession changed the community in this movie example by rearranging the order of the food chain. Another example of ecological succession in The Lion King is when the pride land’s ecosystems were destroyed by fire and other harmful elements, the initiation of secondary succession took place. This example of ecological succession from The Lion King is the same as a real life situation because during secondary succession, an ecosystem has been destroyed and gradually regains its former appearance and function, which was shown in the movie. Ecological succession changed the community in this movie example by creating a brand new ecosystem due to secondary succession. An example of ecological succession in real life is when the island of Krakatoa, an undeveloped land mass, exploded. On the same site a new island, a volcanic cone, was born. This event is an example of primary succession, another form of ecological succession. The ecological succession on the island of Krakatoa changed the community by creating growth and life. The real world Krakatoa example of ecological succession is related to both movie examples because all three situations included different forms of ecological succession. A symbiotic relationship is an ongoing relationship between two species who live closely together. Symbiotic relationships are related to ecology because they are interactions between organisms and species, which is similar to the definition of ecology. Symbiotic relationships are important in maintaining a stable ecosystem because they provide competition, parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism to have balanced, healthy, and interactive populations. An example of a symbiotic relationship in The Lion King is the relationship between Scar, a lion, and the hyena population. The Scar and the hyenas are symbiotic because they have a commensalism relationship; where one benefits (hyenas) and the other is neither helped or harmed (Scar). The hyenas benefit in this relationship because their trophic level is raised on the food chain; Scar is neither helped nor harmed because he was not affected by the change in the food chain. The symbiotic relationship between Scar and the hyenas is important in maintaining a stable ecosystem so the lion population doesn’t receive total dominancy. This example of symbiosis from The Lion King is different from real life because hyenas are an energy source for lions, so lions wouldn’t allow their food source to be on the same trophic level as them. This would be predation in real life. Another example of a symbiotic relationship in The Lion King is the relationship between Timon, a meerkat, and Pumbaa, a warthog. Timon and Pumbaa’s symbiosis is mutualism because both benefit from each other’s compa ny and energy source findings. The movie example of a meerkat/warthog symbiotic relationship is important in maintaining a stable ecosystem because they share the same food source and are on the same trophic level. This movie example of symbiosis is different from real life because meerkats and warthogs are not closely related in the wild. A symbiotic relationship in real life would be the relationship between dogs and ticks, a symbiosis of parasitism. This real life relationship is important in maintaining a stable ecosystem because the parasitism symbiosis allows an organism to feed off of another. This real life example of a symbiotic relationship is different than The Lion King examples because it is a common symbiosis, unlike the unrealistic movie representations. A food web is a network of complex interactions that link all of the food chains in an ecosystem together. Food webs are related to ecology because they represent the interactions between species to obtain energy. The impact of a change in the food web be drastic to the ecosystem because one change can and will alter every animal’s life in the ecosystem. The food web of the ecosystem of The Lion King would start with the first trophic level; primary producers. The producers include grass, trees, and fruit. Following the first trophic level is the second trophic level, which includes herbivores, who are primary consumers. The herbivores/primary consumers include zebras, beetles, and red-billed hornbills. Following the second trophic level is the third trophic level, which includes omnivores and carnivores, who are secondary consumers. The carnivores/omnivores/secondary consumers include meerkats, warthogs, and hyenas. Following the third trophic level is the fourth trophic level, which includes carnivores, who are tertiary consumers. The only carnivore/tertiary consumer is the lion population. The impact of a change in this food web would be exponential because eery organism would be affected either negatively or positively by it. This example of a food web from The Lion King is the same as a real life food web because it has the same characteristics and species that a food web would have in Africa. An example of a real life food web is one of a forest. The food web of a real life forest would start at the first trophic level; primary producers. The primary producers include trees and shrubs. Following the first trophic level is the second trophic level, which includes herbivores, who are primary consumers. The herbivores/primary consumers include deer, squirrels, crickets, and rabbits. Following the second trophic level is the third trophic level which includes omnivores and carnivores, who are second level consumers. The omnivores/carnivores/secondary consumers include cardinals, mice, fox, owls, and spiders. Following the third trophic level is the fourth trophic level which includes carnivores, who are tertiary consumers. The only carnivore/tertiary consumer in this food web is the eagle population. The impact of a change in this food web to the ecosystem would be drastic, because again, every organism would be affected by it. This real life food web is similar to The Lion King food web because they each have the same amount of trophic levels. Ecological succession can change a community by making exponential changes to the ecosystem over time, symbiotic relationships are important in maintaining a stable ecosystem because they provide competition, parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism to have balanced populations, and the impact of a change in the food web would be drastic to the ecosystem because one change can and will alter every animal’s life in the ecosystem. The movie The Lion King had great examples of ecology because the various characters and species interacted with each other and their environment uniquely and distinctly. It’s the circle of life, after all. Sources Simon Winchester. Krakatoa. Perennial. New York, NY. 2004. Pp.351-355 W.G. Moore. A Dictionary of Geography. Penguin. Middlesex, England. 1965

Elasticity of Demand of Petrol and Cng

[pic] BUSINESS ECONOMICS FINAL REPORT ON ELASTICITY OF DEMAND OF PETROL AND CNG SUBMITTED TO: SIR FAISAL SULTAN QADRI PREPARED BY: Syeda Tabinda Naz Anum Zehra Madiha Khan ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We owe our profound thanks and deepest gratitude to ALMIGHTY ALLAH, most merciful, who blessed us with determination, strength, ability and divine help to complete this report. This Report is on ELASTICITY OF DEMNAD OF PETROL. This report is a part of our course titled as Business economics conducted in Iqra University. Then we would like to acknowledge our course instructor Mr. Faisal Sultan Qadri to give us an opportunity to work on this project, and allow us to make use of our analytical abilities. It was his guidance and never ending patience that lead us to complete this report. Our special thanks to our beloved parents and friends without their support we would not be able to complete our assignment and their coordination has made us able to achieve the task in time. INTRODUCTION: High prices effect everyone everywhere, but not equally. Petroleum pricing is something that directly effects every one in society as it is also major source of power and fuel. DEMAND: Demand is defined as the willingness and ability of a consumer to purchase a given product in a given frame of time. DETERMINANTS IF DEMAND: Overall demand can change, moving upward or downward, because of changes in: P = price of other goods (substitutes and complements) I = income N =no. of buyers T =tastes and preferences Ex =expectations CHANGE IN INCOME: With the rise in income of people they can increase the usage of product which will result in increased demand. CHANGE IN PRICE: Change in price will also result in demand curve of that product. Here we will discus the effect of change in price of petrol on its demand of consumption. CAR AND PETROL OR CAR AND CNG (Petrol Vs CNG): The general trend is that when the price of the substitute decreases the demand of the product decrease and if the price of the substitute increases demand for the product increase. In my sense, the petrol and CNG are the substitutes to each other. Now if the prices of the Petrol increase the demand for petrol will change. Many people will tend to make their Car CNG cylindered. But if the Price of the CNG increase, but it will remain lower to the price of the Petrol, so it will not affect much more to the demand of the CNG. No one will change their CNG Kits. So it means that the petrol is more elastic than the CNG in terms of Demand. Petrol has more elasticity than CNG. In Pakistan the majority of private vehicles have converted to CNG because of cheaper price as compared to petrol. Only luxury cars and official vehicles now run on petrol. Almost all car manufacturers in Pakistan now produce company fitted CNG kit versions. Recent hikes in CNG prices have downplayed the ambitious ventures of some of the stakeholders in this sector. It is expected that price of the CNG and Kits will come down as competition among manufacturers grows. LandiRenzo Pakistan is also exporting CNG kits to various countries including China, Brazil and Italy. Almost 2 million vehicles on the country's roads have dual fuel options. ELASTICITY OF DEMNAD: Given are the prices and quantity of petrol showing elasticity of demand after an increase in price of petrol: When price of petrol was 31. 8/litre in 2000, using cng in cars was not common but as petrol prices began to raise many people be likely to make their Car CNG cylindered because cng prices were very cheap and stable as compare to petrol prices. Now the current price of petrol is 66/litre and the price of cng is 48/kg still very economical for users. According to International Association of Natural Gas Vehicles, as of December 2008, Pakistan has the world’s highest number of vehicles running on compressed Natural Gas (CNG). The number is 2 million. Pakistan also has the World’s highest number of CNG refueling stations. Because Petrol prices in Pakistan are among the highest in the region as well as natural gas is found abundant and locally in Pakistan so this also very major reason of its cheapness. In 2000 the total number of vehicles in Pakistan was 4. 9 million which has increased to 8 million in 2009. By March 2006 about one million vehicles were converted to CNG as compared to 700,000 vehicles during the same period last year, showing an increase of 43 per cent. With these developments Pakistan has become the leading country in Asia and the third largest user of CNG in the world after Argentina and Brazil. We can calculate the elasticity of petrol easily by considering its change in price within year. |Price |Quantity | 59 8000000 million 6 6000000 million Solution: Formula required for cross price elasticity: change in quantity/change in price x PY/QY 2million x62. 5 7 7million =285714. 28 x 0. 000009 =2. 57 Hence demand is elastic and petrol and cng are substitutes. GRAPH SHOWING ELASTICITY OF DEMAND OF PETROL: [pic] References: http://www. pakistaneconomist. com/issue2002/issue4/f. htm http://pakistaniat. com/2009/07/14/pakistan-cng/ http://www. thenews. com. pk/editoria l_detail. asp? id=162379 http://www. brecorder. com/index. php? id=262150=2=

Effect of Political and Economic Environment in the UK on Toyota Essay

After the oil shock in 1979 the European Automobile had to restructure as a result if car sales drop.   This fall in car sales continued until late 1980’s.   At the moment the demand for cars is precariously balanced.   The Market is now facing challenges concerning quality and technological changes with Japanese and USA producers having transplants in the UK. Europe is the largest producer of automobiles in the world.   Production is declining.   â€Å"According to record, 13.7 million units were being produced in 1989 compared with 7.8 million for North America and 9 million for Japan†.   (Global competition and the European Automobile Industry. Pg 3). The UK automobile was expected to rise by the year 2000 by then the market would be owned by the Japanese, UK and European producers.   The first company to set automobile in UK form outside was the US Ford and later others like General Motors, BMW, Honda, later Nissan and Toyota joined.   The UK has a global quality improvement initiative controlled by society of motor Manufacturers and traders industry forum.   Currently UK has over 1000 automotive suppliers with manufacturing firm based in the UK. How Economic and Political Environment are Affecting Toyota   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Generally, UK based vehicle manufactures are recording losses.   This included companies with high productivity records.   The economic conditions tend not to favor the vehicle market.   This is due to production of cars at cheaper prices in other sectors of the globe. Toyota is not an exception.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The political environment of UK does not favor manufacturing plants much.   This is evident through the ease at which employment law makes it easier to close manufacturing firms.   In cases where any manufacturing plant fails to adhere to the government regulations and the UK British act, it can easily be terminated by law. Majority of UK suppliers are lacking some of the short principles of management like good customer focus, and shortage of skills.   Considering that UK has had a good history of quality cars.   The market is almost exploited; customers have seen almost variety of unique cars in the Market. The economy of UK is stable relative to other economies.   Hence, company’s wishing to invest in UK find it expensive to hire labor in UK.   As a result, their profits are limited due to high expenses on payment of labor. The increased cost of energy in the UK’s economy to be specific is another economic factor, though this change is being felt all over the globe.   This is affecting Toyota as a company negatively since most of its production requires energy. Swot Analyzes Strengths Burnaston has made Toyota UK evaluate its first strength through Toyota’s corporate finance strategy.   (Kerretsu).   This is a major strength for Toyota considering that burnaston fits into Toyota’s long term global strategy. Toyota also enjoys government support through seminars and automotive academy like the one launched in 2004 to enhance skill training for the industry.   This is helping Toyota to market itself and gain more knowledge on automotive industry. Toyota UK, also has a diversified capital base considering that the company is international and its sales are doing well in other countries. incase of a fall in the market price and demand for cars in Toyota UK, the company cannot collapse because of liquidity problems as it can be funded by its branches in other parts of the world. Weakness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Toyota UK is positioned in country with high quality products and variety.   This reduces the sales level relative to other countries where the company enjoys monopoly or less competition. Heavy taxes are also affecting the company.   The fact that Toyota is foreign company in UK; makes it more tax worth than UK based Companies. Toyota UK management feels that the UK that used to once be an attractive place to invest has been changed by the on going economic and legislative climate. The strength of starling pound is also affecting Toyota’s investment in the UK in relation to the weakness of Euro.   Toyota is currently seeking an exchange rate solution in order to trade in UK and survive the market with minimal profits. With the introduction of work place parking levies, Toyota doubts whether the charges will impact the behavior of car users something that would affect the company’s sales. A shortage of trained engineers in the UK is another constraint facing Toyota UK.   Toyota is reported to have experienced critical shortages in training new personnel in the information systems department. (Memorandum submitted by Toyota motor Europe, July 2000) Opportunities   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Toyota UK has the chance of acquiring labor from Japan at a better cost in case the UK economy and labor market is exploited.   This gives the opportunity to maximize its sales too.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Expansion is still available for the company.   Despite the fact that the country has many manufacturing companies that have specialized in automotives, it’s also possible for the company to expand in UK since the company has its own unique brands.   In addition, the company can list in the (UK) foreign stock exchange hence engaging in offshore.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The fact that UK is historically known for its high level of production o of vehicles, as far as quality is concerned is in advantage.   This is because Toyota UK can learn more techniques or production and improve on the quality of products that it had been producing. Toyota can also produce in bulk.   This is because the UK is a bigger Market and much as competition is there, one cannot rule out the population factor.   The UK population is big and the ratio of people to companies selling vehicles is still low enabling Toyota to Operate. Threats   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Competition is the major threat facing Toyota UK.  Ã‚   With the large number of companies in UK and all producing quality cars, the company can easily be thrown out of market or forced to sell at low prices in order to fit the market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Economic dynamics are also major threats in the production process of Toyota UK because the poor performance of the economy dictates that the cost of production might be high and selling price might be low.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The U.K’s current fuel crisis is also a possible threat to Toyota UK. If the market price for fuel goes very high, then the demand for vehicles also go down because people will not be willing to buy vehicles if fueling is very expensive. (Marketing Teacher 2000). PEST ANALYSIS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The UK political set up has history of non-violence and generally friendly to foreigners.   The government policies that regulate taxation and monitoring businesses in UK are however, strict.   This does not restrict companies willing to do business though, because the rates are fixed. The government’s policy on the economy in relation to automobile is rather positive since the government offers support to encourage innovation.   On basis of religion and culture the UK people are a collection of different denominations that rarely affect investment policy.   The governments involvement in trading agreements is however an added advantage for Toyota UK, because they are assured of validity of their license. Economic Factors The UK raised his interest rates to 5.75% this year.   With a rise in interest rates, Toyota UK is affected negatively as it can not be banking its money in Japan.   As long as the interest rates are high, this means that the bank charges will be high, reducing the profits that a company can make.   UK’s monetary policy committee (MPC) warned inflation is still on aid and remains a danger to the entire economy.   (BBC News. 24) Some analysts have gone further to determine that this rate of inflation might rise further.   This is bad news for Toyota as the sales of the company will have a less value than approximated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a result, expansion is limited as the purchasing power is reduced. The good news about the economy of UK is the fact that the country’s GDP is relatively high and per capita income is high enough these two combinations encourage liquidity among the citizens which realizes sales for Toyota.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Socio-cultural factors. UK’s reception of foreign products is positive. People do not discriminate instead they observe quality.   Majority of dwellers of the land are English speaking hence communication between Toyotas’ salesmen and the citizens is easy. The ability to socialize by the inhabitants and minimal discrimination facilitates marketing. The older generation of UK has accumulated wealth thus Toyota has a wide client base. Technological factors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It would be a lie to argue that technology allows for products to be made more cheaply in the UK than Japan. However technology allows for production of quality automobiles in UK. This helps Toyota to produce quality and leave room for innovation. For instance Ford Company and BMW have products that are better than Toyotas, depending on class of the customers who is buying. Integration of sale of automobiles and insurance company is another technological advantage. This allows company’s selling automobiles to be able to connect their clients with insurance companies. (Alan Capman1995-2005) PORTER’S FIVE FORCES Threat of substitute products   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Toyotas products have a couple of other products similar to them. This makes the company’s products to have high elasticity of demand. Buyers have high propensity to substitute. This puts Toyota at the bargaining edge through pushing the company to keep modifying its products in order to be competitive. Toyota has to keep revising its prices too. Again this is a disadvantage because probably the cost of production was higher than the prevailing market price. Despite of the high elasticity of demand the switching costs of products is still high, making consumers to stick by one product, this adds to Toyotas advantage. The level of product differentiation is another major threat of substitute products. Toyota has an added advantage over this issue since it has different products and can offer customized products too.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Threat of the entry of new competitors. Unless the entry of new firms is blocked, Toyota is exposed to the perfect competition. However Toyota has taken care of this risk through economies of product differentiation and brand equity. The absolute cost advantages are among other ways that Toyota has established its market. The intensity of competitive rivalry. This is the major or determinant of industry competitiveness. Toyota is facing both marketing and innovation competition. The number of competitors is increasing following the governments opening of investors willing to invest. Not forgetting companies like Ford Operations. Toyota has high levels of advertising expertise internationally.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bargaining power of customers. This is the customers’ ability to pressure the firm to reduce its prices. The number of buyers’ volume. In UK though buyers are many, options regarding which company to buy from are also many making buyers to have a bigger influence on bargain than Toyota. Not forgetting the availability of information which has been made possible by internet and the UK media.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bargaining power of suppliers. Toyota UK requires labor, components and other factors. Suppliers can influence the market by raising the cost of raw materials to enjoy the industries’ profit too. However, Toyota UK has suppliers who are competing against themselves too hence making supply price low due to availability of commodities at ease. For example, the tire industry. (Morison .J 2006) Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Toyota Company UK has established itself despite the competitive environment due to diversified portfolio where the company sells other products like, used trunks, car bodies, primary NAICS and insurance linking’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recently Toyota was confirmed as be best performing automobile company in the UK. Media tenor UK’s leading media on opinion reported during the 7.5 international Auto salons in Genf. Media tenor, realized a pessimistic trend for the future of the car industry in UK.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Toyota has been rated the best performer, as other companies report losses and closing down some of their joints. Overall, Toyota has been able to extend its products to cooperate. Among BMW, DC, Volkswagen, Toyota and Ford in UK, Toyota has the best performance so far. Reference http://europa.eu Marketing Teacher. (2000). Swot analysis   lesson- www.marketingteacher.com Media tenor International Newsletters (2005-03-08). -Toyota outshines competitors again in UK.   www.mediatenor.com Alan Capman (1995-2005) Pest Market analysis tool www.businesshalls.com Morison .J (2006) International business environment global and local market place in a changing world. Palgrase Macmillan.

Lesson Plan in Science Elementary Essay

Cotabato derives its name from the Maguindanao kuta wato, meaning â€Å"stone fort†, referring to the stone fort which served as the seat of the great Sultan Kudarat in what is now Cotabato City. Cotabato (also North Cotabato; Filipino:Hilagang Kotabato), is a landlocked provinceof the Philippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region in Mindanao. Its capital isKidapawan City and borders Lanao del Sur and Bukidnon to the north, Davao del Norteand Davao City to the east, Davao del Sur and Sultan Kudarat to the southeast, andMaguindanao to the south and west. Cotabato is subdivided into 17 municipalities and 2 cities.[1] ————————————————- Geography The Province of North Cotabato lies on the eastern part of Region XII and is strategically located in the central part of Mindanao. It is bounded on the north by the provinces ofLanao del Sur and Bukidnon, on the east by Davao City and Davao del Norte, on the west by Maguindanao and on the southeast by Sultan Kudarat and Davao del Sur. North Cotabato is strategically linked to the major â€Å"Arterial Road System† that traverses and connects the province to Davao City – SOCCSKSARGEN – Cotabato Corridor. The Cotabato via Kabacan – Maramag – Kibawe, Bukidnon Sayre Highway meanwhile serves as its link to the Cagayan de Oro-Iligan City Corridor. North Cotabato, with an area of 656,590 hectares representing 45.06% of the whole regional area, stretches west from Mt. Apo, which separates it from Davao, to the Piapayungan Range on its boundary with Lanao. In the midst of these uplands is the basin of the Pulangi or Rio Grande de Mindanao, the second longest in the Philippines at 300 km, which rises in Bukidnon and flows south to Maguindanao and Illana Bay. The province’s fertile plains are traversed by tributaries of this great river. Typhoons do not pass through North Cotabato and rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year. Sarangani Map of the Philippines with Sarangani highlighted| Sarangani is a province of the Philippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region. Its capital is Alabel. With a 230 kilometres (140 mi) coastline along the Sarangani Bay andCelebes Sea, the province is at the southernmost tip of Mindanao Island, and bordersSouth Cotabato to the north and Davao del Sur to the east. Sarangani is part of the South Cotabato-Sultan Kudarat-Sarangani-Gen. Santos City (SOCCSKSARGEN) development cluster, and is linked by paved roads to the international airport and harbor of Gen. Santos City. The province is divided into two parts, separated by the Sarangani Bay and General Santos City, and it used to be part of South Cotabato until it was made an independent province in 1992.[1] Sultan Kudarat sultan Kudarat (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Sultan Kudarat), is a province of thePhilippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region in Mindanao. Its capital is Isulan and borders Maguindanao and Cotabato to the north, South Cotabato and Sarangani to the south, and Davao del Sur to the east, and the Celebes Sea to the west. Sultan Kudarat is subdivided into 11 municipalities and 1 city. Three of the municipalities (Kalamansig, Lebak, and Palimbang) are coastal towns, while the rest of the province are located inland. Tacurong City is the smallest unit in the province in terms of land area, but it is the most urbanized, and is considered to be the province’s commercial center. Other growth centers are Lebak and Isulan, the latter being the provincial capital.Bagumbayan is the largest town in terms of land area. The 11 municipalities and Tacurong City are further subdivided into 249 barangays. Sultan Kudarat is located on the southwestern part of the island of Mindanao. It is bounded on the north by the provinces of Maguindanao and Cotabato; on the south bySouth Cotabato; on the east by Davao del Sur; and on the west by the Celebes Sea. The province’s total land area is 4783.1898 square kilometres. The three coastal towns on the province’s western side are lined with mountain ranges that wall the central part of the province from the sea. There are also mountains on the eastern side, leaving flat land in between. The climate is characterized by a short dry season lasting from one to three months. Unlike most other provinces in the country, Sultan Kudarat is generally free fromtyphoons and rainfall is more evenly distributed throughout the year. Sultan Kudarat was once a part of the former empire province of Cotabato. It was created as a separate province along with Maguindanao and North Cotabato on November 22, 1973 by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 341 signed by former Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos. The purpose of dividing Cotabato into three (3) smaller provinces is clearly stated in Presidential Decree No. 341, which pertinently provided, to wit: â€Å"Whereas, the province of Cotabato is one of the largest and richest provinces of the Philippines; Whereas, the potentials of the province have not been fully developed due to the magnitude of the task of provincial development and troubles that have long plagued the area; Whereas, the many conflicting political, social and economic interests that have limited the progress of the province must be resolved in order to promote the stability and accelerate the development of Cotabato; and Whereas, there is a need for dividing the present province into smaller units which can be more effectively administered and developed†. The name Sultan Kudarat given to the province was derived from a Muslim ruler, the late Sultan Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat who begun to assert his leadership in the year 1619 and reigned the Sultanate of Maguindanao from January 1625 to 1671 AD. He was a virtuous leader who embodied the idea of basic unity, oneness and freedom among the diverse people scattered throughout its Sultanate. For this reason, he was considered as one of the National heroes of our country and for his honour this province was named after him. As of the 2000 census, Sultan Kudarat has a total population of 586,505. The province formerly had a Muslim majority, but Christianmigrants now outnumber Muslims and highlanders. The Ilonggos constitute the majority of the Christian population, with their native language which is Hiligaynon and Kinaray-a as the province’s dominant language. Ilocano and Cebuano are also spoken in some municipalities. Maguindanao is the local language of the Muslim population. Ilocanos and Ilonggos are the only ethno-linguistic dwellers of the province who are not natives of Mindanao since Cebuanos inhabited the island around 17th to 18th century. Classified as a highly-urbanized city, General Santos is the 15th most populous city in the country with 538,086 inhabitants as per census data of 2010.[1] The city is bounded by municipalities of Sarangani Provincenamely Alabel in the east, and Maasim in the south. General Santos is likewise bounded by the South Cotabato municipality of Polomolok and Sarangani Provincemunicipality of Malungon in the north, and the municipality of T’boli in the west. General Santos City is part of the SOCCSKSARGEN region. Notable people * Gerald Anderson, Pinoy Big Brother Teen Edition 3rd Big Placer * Ethel Booba, Comedian * Melai Cantiveros, Pinoy Big Brother Double-Up (Season 3) Big Winner/ Comedian/ Actress * Nonito Donaire, professional boxer * Rolando Navarette, professional boxer * Manny Pacquiao, professional boxer * Shamcey Supsup, Miss Universe 2011 3rd Runner-Up * Zendee Rose Tenerefe, singer, Youtube personality * Paco Evangelista, Pinoy Big Brother Unlimited (Season 4) 4th Big Placer * XB Gensan, Showtime Grand Champion * Cotabato City is independent of Maguindanao province, which is part of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. The seat of the ARMM regional government is also in Cotabato City. * General Santos City is a highly urbanized city; figures are excluded from South Cotabato. * Cities * SOCCSKSARGEN has 3 components cities, 1 independent city and 1 highly urbanized city, these cities are vital in the region’s existence. * Cotabato City – is the regional center of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao but the city is actually part of the SOCCSKSARGEN region and does not belong to the ARMM. * General Santos City – dubbed as the â€Å"Tuna Capital of the Philippines† because of the bountiful existence of Yellow fin Tuna in Sarangani Bay,and as the Highly-Urbanized City it serves as the center of the Metropolitan and the center of trade and industry of SOCCSKARGEN. * Kidapawan City – Kidapawan, the city hailed as â€Å"A Spring in the Highland†, comes from the words â€Å"TIDA† which means spring and â€Å"PAWAN† meaning highland. The city is found at the bottom of the majestic Mt. Apo, the country’s tallest mountain making it a great spot and first-rate tourist attraction. Kidapawan is situated at the southeastern section of Cotabato province, placed in the middle of three other major cities of Davao, Cotabato, General Santos and Koronadal * Koronadal City – a.k.a. Marbel is dubbed as the â€Å"Sports Mecca of the South† because of hosting 2 Palarong Pambansa, National Secondary Press Conference and the Mindanao Business Conference, It is the Regional Center of SOCCSKSARGEN * Tacurong City – is the only city of Sultan Kudarat and it is famous of its Bird Sanctuary. Sarangani Province Sarangani is a province of the Philippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region in Mindanao. Its capital is Alabel and borders South Cotabato to the north and Davao del Sur to the east. To the south lies the Celebes Sea. The province is divided into two parts, separated by the Sarangani Bay, and it used to be part of South Cotabato until it was made an independent province in 1992. Sarangani is surrounded by the Celebes Sea, Sarangani Bay, and the provinces of South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, and Davao del Sur. The province is also the coastal zone of SOCSKSARGEN (South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani, General Santos City), one of the country’s fast growing development clusters. It has seven municipalities (Alabel, Malapatan, Glan, Malungon, Maasim, Kiamba, and Maitum) with 140 barangays. Its vast beachfronts, rolling hills, and fertile plains offer plenty of opportunities. Geography The province is bounded by Sultan Kudarat in the west, South Cotabato in the north, Davao del Sur in the east, and Celebes Sea in the south. Between the eastern and western parts of the province is General Santos City. Political Subdivision The province has one Congressional Representative, and seven municipalities. Population The population of the province as of 2000 census is 410,622. Language/Dialect Sarangani’s mixed population of Cebuano-speaking Blaans and Muslims in the east coast, Ilocano-speaking T’bolis, Manobos, and Muslim in the west coast, and Ilonggo-speaking B’laans and Kaolos in the north uplands, is unique and in harmony. Climate Weather is mild and pleasant and free from typhoons. Industries The province’s agri and fishery based enterprises maintain banana plantations; cattle ranches; bangus, hito, tilapia, tiger prawn fishponds; mariculture; and salt farms. Livestock is just as viable. With more than 7,000 hectares of mango plantation, Sarangani is an emerging source in SOCSKSARGEN aside from being a large producer of copra and sugarcane. Giant companies like DOLE Philippines have ventured into banana, pineapple, and asparagus growing. Fishing and aquaculture also sustain the local economy. ————————————————- Tourism in Sarangani Province * Bangsi Festival January | Maitum, Sarangani Province The Bangsi Festival celebrates Maitum’s prosperous fishing industry, particularly on bangsi (flying fish). The festival features street dancing p†¦ Read more * Maitum Cave The Maitum Cave, also known as the Ayub Cave, is located seven kilometers from the town hall. The cave is home to various potshards from various periods, including those that are likely 3000 years †¦ Read more * Lubi-Lubi Festival October 8 – 11 | Glan, Sarangani ProvinceThe Lubi-Lubi Festival showcases the various uses of the coconut tree through street dances and other celebrations. Source: saranganiprov†¦ South Cotabato Geography South Cotabato is located in the southern of the island of Mindanao. It is bounded by the province of Sultan Kudarat in the north and west, in the east and south by the city of General Santos and province of Sarangani. It lies at a latitude of about 6 degrees and 15†² north and about 125 degrees longitude. Its main access to the sea is through the Sarangani Bay where the modern port of General Santos City is location Political Subdivision South Cotabato has 10 municipalities and one city, 198 barangays and two congressional districts. Population South Cotabato’s population was registered at 690,728 as of the 2000 census. Languages/Dialects For the year 2000, the majority of the population spoke Hiligaynon, Cebuano, T’boli, Ilocano, Bilaan, Maguindanao, and Tagalog. Climate South Cotabato is a typhoon-free province where rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year while air humidity generally follows the rainfall pattern. The months from March to June are considered the hottest while December and January are the coolest. Major Industries South Cotabato is an agribusiness destination. It had been so since 37 years ago when the first truck carrying pineapple planting materials rumbled through the dirt road of Polomolok. Long after the dust has settled, South Cotabato has emerged to be the leading producer of peineapple, asparagus, corn, rice, and cattle fattening. Today it claims to be the bread basket of the South. * JC Garden It is located along the national highway, barangay Carpenter Hill. JC Garden is a flower garden specialized in orchid production. Source:RDC XII Official Website Read more * The Siok Falls The Siok Falls is the biggest waterfall in the city. It is located at Barangay Mabini, eleven kilometers from the City proper. Source:RDC XII Official Website Read more * Cadidang Cave and Supong Falls This tourist destination is located at Barangay San Jose, Koronadal City. It can be reached by motorcycle. Source:RDC XII Official Website Read more * Millinium and Cabillion Falls These two waterfalls are found in the mountain of barangay Cacub. The falls are seventeen kilometers away from the heart of the City and is accessible by an improvised motorcycle called skylab.&nbs†¦ Read more * Kalaja Karst Area Gensan is not only home to tuna and Manny Pacquiao. If you are planning to be a rock climber, there’s an area in Gensan worth visiting. Kalaja cave has been the training ground for aspiring r†¦ Read more * Helobong Festival (T’Boli) November 9- November 11 | Lake Sebu, South CotabatoLake Sebu is one of the prettiest places in the Philippines. The place is rich in history because of the Tiboli people residing in the area†¦.