By Plane or Car Which Is Better for the Environment

Driving in a relatively fuel-efficient car (25–30 miles per gallon) usually generates fewer greenhouse-gas emissions than flying. In assessing the global warming impact of a trip from Philadelphia to Boston (about 300 miles), the environmental news website Grist.org calculates that driving would generate about 104 kilograms of carbon dioxide (CO2)—a leading greenhouse gas—per typical medium-sized car (regardless of the number of passengers) while flying on a commercial jet would produce some 184 kilograms of CO2 per passenger. Carpooling Generates the Fewest Greenhouse Gases While even driving alone would be better from the standpoint of greenhouse-gas emissions, carpooling makes the most environmental sense. Four people sharing a car would collectively be responsible for emitting only 104 kilograms of CO2, while the same four people taking up four seats on a plane would generate some 736 kilograms of carbon dioxide. Cross-Country Calculations Show Stark Contrasts Journalist Pablo Pà ¤ster of Salon.com extends the comparison further, to a cross-country trip, and comes to similar conclusions. Differences in the numbers are attributable to the use of slightly varying assumptions regarding fuel usage and source equations. Flying from San Francisco to Boston, for example, would generate some 1,300 kilograms of greenhouse gases per passenger each way, while driving would account for only 930 kilograms per vehicle. Again, although even driving alone has a lower carbon footprint than flying, sharing the drive with one or more people would lower each individual’s carbon footprint accordingly. Air Travel Is Economical for Long Distances Just because driving might be greener than flying doesn’t mean it always makes the most sense. It would cost far more in fuel to drive clear across the United States in a car than to fly nonstop coast-to-coast. That’s not even factoring in the time spent in restaurants and hotels along the way. Those interested in figuring out driving fuel costs can consult the American Automobile Associations nifty online Fuel Cost Calculator, where you can enter your starting city and destination as well as the year, make, and model of your car to get an accurate estimate of what it will cost to â€Å"fill ‘er up† between points A and B. Carbon Offsets Can Balance Travel-Related Emissions Once you’ve made your decision whether to drive or fly, consider purchasing carbon offsets for renewable energy development to balance out the emissions you are generating. TerraPass, among others, is a company that makes it easy to calculate your carbon footprint based on how much you drive and fly, and then will sell you offsets accordingly. Monies generated through carbon offsets fund alternative energy and other projects, such as wind farms, that will ultimately take a bite out of or eliminate greenhouse-gas emissions. TerraPass will also calculate your home energy consumption. Public Transportation Beats Both Car and Air Travel Of course, an individual’s emissions from riding a bus (the ultimate carpool) or a train would be significantly lower. Pà ¤ster adds that a cross-country train trip would generate about half the greenhouse-gas emissions of driving a car. The only way to travel greener might be to bicycle or walk—but the trip is long enough as it is.    Edited by Frederic Beaudry EarthTalk is a regular feature of E/The Environmental Magazine. Selected EarthTalk columns are reprinted on DotDash Environmental Issues by permission of the editors of E.

Gender And Gender Identity And Development - 1303 Words

As kids, one saw the other children as either a girl or a boy. Their conclusion of the â€Å"sex† of their siblings and classmates came from the predetermined characteristics of what a typical male and female are to look like and act like. One’s judgment of this is based on the classic understanding and characteristics that have been repeatedly taught to them throughout the years. However, gender identity and development is something that has been both misunderstood and misconstrued by people for quite some time. The differences between â€Å"gender† and â€Å"sex† is quite vast. According to John Carl: Gender is defined as the personal traits and position in society connected with being male or female. For instance, wearing high heels is associated with the female gender, while wearing combat boots is associated with the male gender. Gender is different from sex because sex refers strictly to the biological makeup of a male or female. To simplify, â€Å"sex† is what we are born as, it is the factor that results from conception and prenatal development. However, â€Å"gender† is what one is able to identify themselves as. One’s gender is how they are developed due to social influences, both from upbringing and society. The idea of gender identity occurs through developmental factors of one’s life. Throughout life, one’s influences, from things such as physical development, play, clothing, family dynamics, and cultural and societal factors, play a major part in how they identify themselves and howShow MoreRelatedInfluence Of Cognitive Development On Gender Identity3129 Words   |  13 PagesAbstract The influence of cognitive development to a modern comprehension of gender identity is examined. Cognitive theories in the context of human development are assessed and examples are presented to provide empirical support. These theories surround early gender development with aspects concentrated specifically during Middle Childhood to illustrate how gender identity is perceived in children ages 5 -11. The process of normal and abnormal gender identity in Middle Childhood are both examinedRead MoreThe Importance of Biological Factors in the Development of Gender Identity766 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Biological Factors in the Development of Gender Identity The biosocial theory suggests that gender identity develops as a result of the obvious biological differences between boys and girls and the hormonal differences between the sexes which can be observed in the foetus from about six weeks (Durkin, 1995). 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Onwards from birth, children are surrounded by and live within environments which are rich in gender stereotyping (Siraj-Blatchford, 2004, p. 24). They are given toys, books and clothes in which the media and society deems applicable to their specific gender. These gendered beliefs and practices are then implemented and shared as a child matures and can seeRead MoreChildren s Gender Identity Development : The Dynamic Negotiation Process Between Conformity And Authenticity1545 Words   |  7 PagesBrinkman, B. G., K. L. Rabenstein, L. A. Rosen, and T. S. Zimmerman. â€Å"Children s Gender Identity Development: The Dynamic Negotiation Process Between Conformity and Authenticity.† Youth Society (2012): 835-52. Print. This article describes the experiment performed by aspiring scientists along with the results of the experiment. 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A deeper understanding of identity requires organizing identities into two categories: factual and non-factual. Factual identities include features and attributes that could be seen with naked eyes or measured with instruments, such as race and age. Non-factual identities, like gender identity (different from the idea of biological sex) and social identity, are malleable because they depend on actionsRead MoreSocialisation, Personal Identity, Gender Identity And Gender Roles1313 Words   |  6 PagesSocialisation, Personal identity, Gender Identity and Gender Roles: Boundless.com defines ‘Socialisation’ as â€Å"a term used to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies providing the individual with the skills and habits necessary for precipitating within one’s society, thus the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained† (Boundless.com, 2015). 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The True Story About Geriatric Nutrition Essay Samples That the Experts Dont Want You to Know

The True Story About Geriatric Nutrition Essay Samples That the Experts Don't Want You to Know Nutrition is vitally important in living a wholesome lifestyle. A nutrition assessment goes together with a health assessment in terms a person nutrition will directly influence their well-being. Alcohol abuse may come from bereavement, depression or loss of financial power. Substance abuse is likewise an issue that maynot be downplayed in geriatric mental well-being. The Importance of Geriatric Nutrition Essay Samples Not only for a school paper a nutrition essay paper is something which will be helpful for everyone. Essay is all about the dietary intake ought to be considered by the elderly individuals to find a healthful life. It's also crucial to drinl an adequate amount which corresponds with the everyday guidelines of eight glasses a day that's equivalent to a one two-liter soda each day. Just a couple small meals per day usually hold me over. New Questions About Geriatric N utrition Essay Samples It is probable that the actual quantity of fiber consumed from the beans was quite tiny. Eating more fresh produce, cooking meals at home, and lowering your consumption of sugar and refined carbohydrates, on the flip side, might help to boost mood. You must understand the forms of foods that offer healthy amounts of fiber and protein. It's very clear that consuming foods in the fundamental groups, such as protein or fiber, is not sufficient to have a nutritious diet. Such diet analysis is a means to track the full food one eats for a time period and analyzes the foods eaten to figure out the general nutritional value of someone's dietary intake. Keeping your eye on your own personal daily nutrition values and intake is crucial to an effective diet. A reversal of diet and life style may also help to prevent cardiovascular disease. Eating a nutritious diet doesn't need to be overly complicated. Complete proteins are located in foods like milk and meat that contain all nine of the critical amino acids, but in addition contain saturated fats. It's therefore essential to drink water regularly to enhance the hydration status in the human body particularly when exercising to be certain that the body is functioning efficiently and lower the chance of dehydration. A wholesome diet is something which covers all your body's needs, and ensures your entire body receives all the nutrients that it requires to remain healthy in day to day life. The nutri ents that are vital to human bodies may be classified into three sorts. What Everybody Dislikes About Geriatric Nutrition Essay Samples and Why A medication review is likewise an important portion of the nursing assessment of the individual. The patient was diagnosed a couple of years ago. Based on the outcome of the assessment, you can start the report merely by identifying the patient and indicating any health care issues the patient may have had. The nurse is central in specifying the patient problems that warrant collaboration and she has to be in a position to effectively communicate her observations. To the extent that patients are not able to finish the assessment themselves, practitioners resort to conventional patient interview procedures that frequently involve input from a relative or other caregiver. Caregivers attending to these patients are trained to offer effective care by decreasing stress, promoting functional behaviour and efficient communication techniques and managing the easy delusions. Appropriate nursing assessment in the elderly needs to be applied in order to recognize and deal with this issue. Nurses should assess psycho-social facets, which might lead to nutritional alterations. The History of Geriatric Nutrition Essay Samples Refuted It is possible to get paper writing services for practically any topic or variety of essay. You're going to be surrounded by writing professionals throughout the plan of order placement, and after you choose to purchase essay and pick an allocated writer, things will get even more exciting. You may even select an availab le writer to communication panel, which gives you an immediate communication between the author and the customer. If you are searching for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service offered by fully qualified academics in your area of study. Use a quick anecdote, a brief you're writing. Any info you decide to put in your nutrition essay needs to be presented in a logical method. The nephew confirmed that JG toileting has produced a problem in the house. 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Safety Climate and Occupational Stress †Free Samples to Students

Questiuon: Discuss about the Safety Climate and Occupational Stress. Answer: Introduction: Canberra construction company is a construction management company specifically dealing with residential projects designed by architects. This company is also dealing with commercial buildings. This incident happened at an under-construction site. This incident happened because there were electricity wires obscured by flora and foliage. Hence, people could not see clearly these electricity wires. As a result, tip of the truck hit overhead power lines which were having 11,000 volts electricity. In addition to this, these flora and foliage could have conducted electricity due to presence of water content in it. This incident happened when Mr. Booth was unloading gravel form his truck into a compound at a Turner worksite. This type of site is usually unsafe for working. Hence, there should be display of warning signs at such sites. However, at the time of incidence, there were no danger signs or tags at this site. Moreover, there were strong winds on the day of incidence. Heavy winds we re additional unsafe environment because due to winds there was movement of the electricity wires and it could touch to the human beings and other articles. Adequate distance should be maintained between electrical wires and persons and articles to avoid shock. Persons and articles should not come near or under the overhead power lines (Inman, 2015). This workplace was not properly maintained. It was evident form the presence of electric wires above the compound. Management of company and builder should take special precautions to make building plan which would be safe work place. This building plan should be well documented and it should be distributed to all the contractors involved in the construction of the building. It would be helpful in alerting another company about potential risks at the workplace. All project participants like client, architects, designers and subcontractors should contribute to the safety of the building (Taylor, 2015). Management and employer should manage contractor in an effective manner. Management should educate contractor about all the safety standards of the company. In this case also, it was evident that at the time accident, this site was taken over by another company. Documents related to the building plan were not available with the new company. In this case, lack of knowledge about the building plan and workplace could be the potential reason for occurrence of incident. Safety signs at the workplace could have been used as the safety measures for the prevention of injuries for the employees. Main purpose of these safety signs is to warn and instruct the employees about the potential risk and hence employees can take necessary precautions against these risks Safety signs can be in the form of sign board, safety color and an acoustic signal. In addition to this, employers have legal duty to provide proper training to the employees and other workers about the meaning of the safety signs. Ot herwise, there would be misunderstanding and confusion among the employees about the safety sign and adjustment in the safety precautions (Hughes and Ferrett, 2015). It is the duty of employers to display these signs at the workplace. In case, if these safety signs not displayed at the places of potential risks, it is considered as the breach of safety standards by the employer. Prior to display of these safety signs, employers need to perform adequate assessment of risks at the workplace. After assessment of the risks at the workplace, there is possibility of existence of few risks, these cant be avoided. Employer should display, safety signs for such unavoidable risks. Assessment of the risks should be accurately documented at the workplace. This documentation would be beneficial as the future reference for implementation of the safety standards (Kline, 2013). However, at this workplace, very little documentation of the risks assessment was available. Employer should welcome sugge stions form the external agencies for the implementation of the safe workplace environment. Employer of this company refused to take advice from Dr Long, who was safety expert. Suggestions from the safety experts would have improved safety standards of this workplace and could have prevented such incidence. Interest and willingness of the management and employer is most crucial factor for the implementation of safety standards at the workplace. Employer can significantly improve engagement of employees in improving safety standards and preventing accidents (Wachter and Yorio, 2014). Safety culture and climate in the company proved to be important factor for the implementation of safety standards in the organisation. It reflects managements willingness in the safety of workers. It has been established that improvement in the culture is directly proportional to the safe working environment for the workers. Safety climate is based on the managers perceptions and beliefs in the safe working environment for the workers. Safe climate is considered as the product of the safe culture (Kim et al., 2017). Managements commitment and involvement in safety can improve employees satisfaction in the workplace. It would be helpful in improving safe working environment for workers. Management and employ er should make authoritative decisions to exercise control over safety standards implementation and to allocate adequate expenditure for implementation of safety standards. Effective security personal should be appointed and lock system should be implemented at the compound gate of the company. It would be helpful in keeping proper check on the entry of outside persons. It is evident that, in this company there was no lock system (Stephen, 2015; Masso, 2015). Induction programme should be arranged for the employees and non-employee workers at the workplace. These induction programme proved beneficial in improving awareness to the employees about the workplace. However, according to company resources, no induction programme was arranged at the construction site. There should be development of generic safety guidelines and its implementation in the workplace. These guidelines should be developed from the qualified persons. In case of Canberra construction company, generic safety guidelines were developed however these were not developed by qualified persons. It is mandatory for every company to appoint safety officer. This appointment would be helpful in taking overall control on safety of the company. However, in this company there was no safety officer. Dimitri Brandis, one of the persons of the Kenoss agreed this fact. Workplace audit for the identification hazards and risks is beneficial for the timely rectifying these risks. There was no record of safety audits in this company (Abreu et al., 2014). It was evident from the existence of unsafe electricity wires at the construction site. For any company, implementation of safety plan and its follow-up is very important. Mere signing off safety plan is not enough for the effective implementation of safety. In this construction, safety plan was signed off in 2011, however it was not implemented in proper way. This resulted in the Mr. Booths accident at this construction site. In this case, it is clear that, Canberra construction company and Kenoss contractor didnt give attention to the safety signs. It is the duty of employer to provide safe environment for the both employees and non-employees (Nenonen and Vasara, 2013). In this case, Mr. Booth was not the employee of the construction company. He was working with Kenoss contactor. Company mentioned that employees of the company were briefed about the potential danger at the workplace and it was instructed that only small vehicles could enter the workplace. However, Mr. Booth was not regular employee of this construction company and he was not aware of these instructions. Hence, this construction should extend safety instruction to non-employee workers also along with regular employees. Both construction company and kenoss blamed Mr. Booth for the accident. In their argument, they mentioned that Mr. Booth didnt followed instructions given by foreman. However, it should be the responsibility of the company to make compulsion to all the workers to follow all the instructions. It reflects good governance in the company. Effective governance in the company can be helpful in the implementation of safety standards. Hence, construction company should take responsibility of this accident and should improve governance of the company (Guldenmund, 2010). Electricity can be dangerous but its hazards can be prevented by taking proper precautions. It is the duty of the employer to implement all the safety standards related to electricity and provide safe environment at the workplace. This incidence could have been prevented by putting insulators on the electrical wires. Plastic and rubber coated insulators could have been useful in the prevention of conductors encountering the people and articles. These electrical wires should be grounded properly and these should be at 0 volt. Potential risks due to electrical wires can be prevented by turning of power supply to these electrical wires. However, in this company it was evident that there was no arrangement for switching off these electrical wires. Safe Work Australia (SWA) could have played significant role in prevention of this incidence. SWA is a government body and this body developed national policy related to the work health and safety (WHS) and workers compensation. Procedures in SWAs policy include both corporate plan and operational plan. National policy development includes integrated contribution of government, employers and employee. Hence, there is complete control and monitoring of each stakeholders activities in the implementation of safety policy in the company. This policy can develop effective legislative framework. WHS legislation can take strict action against the companies breaching safety standards. SWA can carry out research and publish research. This published research can be used as evidence for the improvement in the safety plan of companies. Collection of data from the different companies and its analysis can be helpful in improving safety policy. Collected data from the different companies can be use d as learning resources for other companies. It is evident that laws can accommodate changes in the activities at the workplace. Other companies should learn from this incidence and should take precautions to implement Safe Work environment for the workers. Hence, it is very important to make public such incidences, so that it can work as the learning for other companies. There should be with-held of work licences for companies breaching safety standards. There should be arrangement of workplace consultation for the safely plan for the company because it is not always possible for each company to implement their safety policy on their own. Entry at work place should be restricted to the people without valid entry permit holders. This strategy proved beneficial in the preventing safety breach. In this case also, entry restriction to the people without valid entry permit could have prevented this incidence. Providing misleading information is the easiest way to avoid legal actions of safety breach. WSA can play instrumental role in avoiding such misuse of false information (Hughes and Ferrett, 2015). Improvement in the practices in any company can be useful in implementation of effective policy. Safety breaches can be avoided by identifying best practices and common practices. Relevant published work should be followed because evidence can be helpful in identifying potential safety risks and prevention of such risks. Broad consultation with the different stakeholders can be helpful in upgradation of the safety policy. Very simple methods and procedures could have avoided this incidence. Implementation of well-designed safety standards could have saved life of Mr. Booth. In such cases, implementation of safety plan doesnt require high end technology. Few of the precautions include 1) display of safety signs, 2) turning off electrical wire and 3) instructions to the employees and non-employees about the potential risks. Change in the workers behaviour is also one of important measure to implement safety policy in the company. Workers should have safe behaviour. Unsafe behaviour of Mr. Booth is also one of the factor responsible for this accident. Mr. Booth didnt listen to foreman instruction and entered in the unsafe area (Reimana and Rollenhagen, 2014; Xia et al., 2014). It is evident form the literature that there is significant relationship between existence of safety systems practices and accident rates. References: Abreu, T., Saurinb, P., Wachsa, A., Weber, R., and der, H. (2014). The design of scenario-based training from the resilience engineering perspective: A study with grid electricians. Accident Analysis Prevention, 68, 30-41. Guldenmund, F.W. (2010). (Mis)understanding safety culture and its relationship to safety management. Risk Analysis, 30(10), 1466-1480. Hughes, P., and Ferrett, E. (2015). Introduction to Health and Safety at Work: For the NEBOSH National General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety. Routledge. Inman, M. (2015). Kenoss Contractors fined $1.1 million for workplace death. Accessed on 28th sep. 2017 from https://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/kenoss-contractors-fined-11-million-for-workplace-death-20150819-gj2fra.html. Kim, K.W., Park, S.J., Lim, H.S., and Cho, H.H. (2017). Safety Climate and Occupational Stress According to Occupational Accidents Experience and Employment Type in Shipbuilding Industry of Korea. Safety and Health at Work, 8(3), 290-295. Kline, R. (2013). Mind the workplace hazards. Nursing Standard, 27(28), 23. Masso, M. (2015). The determinants of employee participation in occupational health and safety management. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 21(1), 62-70. Nenonen, S., and Vasara, J. (2013). Safety management in multiemployer worksites in the manufacturing industry: opinions on co-operation and problems encountered. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 19(2), 167-83. Reimana, T., and Rollenhagen, C. (2014). Does the concept of safety culture help or hinder systems thinking in safety? Accident Analysis Prevention, 68, 5-15 . Stephen. (2015). Canberra construction company fined over workplace death. Accessed on 28th sep. 2017 from https://content.safetyculture.com.au/news/index.php/08/canberra-construction-company-fined-workplace-death/#.Wc4LoGiCzIU. Taylor, G. (2015). Canberra construction company fined $1.1 million over death of truck driver. Accessed on 28th sep. 2017 from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-19/construction-company-fined-1-million-over-workplace-death/6708032. ` Wachter, J. K., and Yorio, P. L. (2014). A system of safety management practices and worker engagement for reducing and preventing accidents: An empirical and theoretical investigation. Accident Analysis Prevention, 68, 117-130. Xia, N., Wang, X., Griffin, M.A., Wu, C., and Liu, B. (2017). Do we see how they perceive risk? An integrated analysis of risk perception and its effect on workplace safety behavior. Accident Analysis Prevention, 106, 234-242.